Positron annihilation study of tungsten exposed to low-energy deuterium plasma

Hirade, Tetsuya; Furuta, Hikaru*; Torikai, Yuji*; Fujimura, Yuki; Michishio, Koji*

JJAP Conference Proceedings (Internet), 9, p.011106_1 - 011106_7, 2023/00

https://doi.org/10.56646/jjapcp.9.0_011106

Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) measurements by use of a positron source of Na were performed for polycrystalline ITER-grade tungsten samples exposed to low-energy deuterium plasma. The energy of deuterium plasma was low and then it was expected that it would affect just near-surface region. However, we obtained the longer mean positron annihilation lifetime in the tungsten samples exposed to the low-energy deuterium plasma than the virgin tungsten samples. Moreover, almost same longer values were obtained even on the other (no exposed) side of the samples, although the thickness of the samples were about 2 mm. Although, there has been no report of observation of defect formation by existence of hydrogen or deuterium in tungsten, the results indicated that deuterium existence in tungsten can be one of reasons of defects formation.

Separation and recovery of long-lived fission products from high level radioactive waste using electrochemical technique

Kanamura, Shohei*; Takahashi, Yuya*; Omori, Takashi*; Nohira, Toshiyuki*; Sakamura, Yoshiharu*; Matsumura, Tatsuro

Denki Kagaku, 88(3), p.289 - 290, 2020/09

https://doi.org/10.5796/denkikagaku.20-OT0045

no abstracts in English

Sensitivity of charged particle activation analysis for long-lived radioactive nuclide determination

Oshima, Masumi*; Yamaguchi, Yurie*; Asai, Masato; Tsukada, Kazuaki; Goto, Jun*; Bamba, Shigeru*; Bi, C.*; Morimoto, Takao*

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 56(9-10), p.866 - 872, 2019/09

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2019.1593892

Sensitivity of charged particle activation analysis with 8 MeV proton beam was studied for determination of 35 long-lived radioactive nuclides. Reaction cross sections for those nuclides were estimated with ALICE-91 code and isomer yield ratios were estimated from those of neighboring isotopes by taking into account their spins and parities. It was found that the proposed charged particle activation analysis should show high sensitivity for the determination of several hardly measurable nuclides with long half-lives such as Cs, Pu, I, Sn, Mo, Pd, U, Cm, and Np.

Disposal and recycling; Safer disposal and reassuring recycling

Nishihara, Kenji

ImPACT Fujita Puroguramu Kokai Seika Hokokukai "Kaku Henkan Niyoru Koreberu Hoshasei Haikibutsu No Ohaba Na Teigen, Shigenka" Seika Hokokusho, Shiryoshu, p.28 - 31, 2019/03

In this project, long-lived fission products (LLFP) contained in conventional high-level radioactive wastes are separated and their life is reduced, and elements that can be used as resources are separated. By shortening the life of LLFP, it has been shown that it may be possible to dispose in intermediate depth of several tens of meters, meeting safety requirements, instead of geological disposal. In addition, for reassuring recycling of usable elements, possible exposure pathways were evaluated to estimate the safe concentration level of radioactivity.

Disposal of radioactive waste and partitioning-transmutation; Consideration of waste disposal from view point of source term

Nishihara, Kenji

Genshiryoku Bakkuendo Kenkyu (CD-ROM), 25(2), p.131 - 134, 2018/12

https://nuce.aesj.or.jp/jnuce/vol25/Jnuce-Vol25-2-p131-134.pdf

Impact of reduction of source term on design and safety assessment of disposal concept for high level radioactive waste is considered. Reduction of source term in partitioning and transmutation technology is shown with impact on disposal concept. Moreover, cost and technological readiness is outlined.

Method to reduce long-lived fission products by nuclear transmutations with fast spectrum reactors

Chiba, Satoshi*; Wakabayashi, Toshio*; Tachi, Yoshiaki; Takaki, Naoyuki*; Terashima, Atsunori*; Okumura, Shin*; Yoshida, Tadashi*

Scientific Reports (Internet), 7(1), p.13961_1 - 13961_10, 2017/10

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14319-7

Transmutation of long-lived fission products (LLFPs: Se, Zr, Tc, Pd, I, and Cs) into short-lived or non-radioactive nuclides by fast neutron spectrum reactors without isotope separation has been proposed as a solution to the problem of radioactive wastes disposal. Despite investigation of many methods, such transmutation remains technologically difficult. To establish an effective and efficient transmutation system, we propose a novel neutron moderator material, yttrium deuteride (YD), to soften the neutron spectrum leaking from the reactor core. Neutron energy spectra and effective half-lives of LLFPs, transmutation rates, and support ratios were evaluated with the continuous-energy Monte Carlo code MVP-II/MVP-BURN and the JENDL-4.0 cross section library. With the YD moderator in the radial blanket and shield regions, effective half-lives drastically decreased from 10 to 10 years and the support ratios reached 1.0 for all six LLFPs. This successful development and implementation of a transmutation system for LLFPs without isotope separation contribute to developing a self-consuming cycle of LLFPs using fast spectrum reactors to reduce radioactive waste.

Studies of the setting of engineered barrier configuration utilized in geologic disposal, 1; Dissolution life-time of vitrified waste glass

Oe, Toshiaki*; Wakasugi, Keiichiro

Genshiryoku Bakkuendo Kenkyu (CD-ROM), 24(1), p.27 - 32, 2017/06

https://doi.org/10.3327/jnuce.24.1_27

The report estimates the life-time of the waste glass dissolution in the geologic disposal environment. The overall safety report on the geologic disposal in Japan showed very short life-time of approximately 70,000 years under pessimistic assumptions ignoring the temperature decrease due to radioactive decay and dissolution rate reduction due to surface shrinkage. These factors are physically established phenomena and may not be excluded. The dissolution models including these factors of temperature and surface area decreases are discussed and used for re-evaluation. Three fracture models are presented for evaluating the surface area decreases; a single plate, monotonic spheres, spheres having power-law distribution. All models have the same initial volume as the waste glass block for mass conservation and the total surface areas are 10 times higher than the initial pristine block because of the fracture development during production. The results indicate the retention time of 50% of initial mass exceed 100,000 years even by different fracture models and the dissolution life-times are expected for 260,000700,000 years depending on models. These results imply more strong isolation capability of the waste glass than that estimated in the overall safety report.

Current activities and future plans for nuclear data measurements at J-PARC

Kimura, Atsushi; Harada, Hideo; Nakamura, Shoji; Iwamoto, Osamu; Toh, Yosuke; Koizumi, Mitsuo; Kitatani, Fumito; Furutaka, Kazuyoshi; Igashira, Masayuki*; Katabuchi, Tatsuya*; et al.

European Physical Journal A, 51(12), p.180_1 - 180_8, 2015/12

https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2015-15180-2

Development of an H-ion source for the High-Intensity Proton Accelerator (J-PARC)

Oguri, Hidetomo; Ueno, Akira; Namekawa, Yuya*; Ikegami, Kiyoshi*

Review of Scientific Instruments, 77(3, Part2), p.03A517_1 - 03A517_3, 2006/03

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2165774

The J-PARC Project was started in 2001 as a joint project carried out by JAERI and KEK. At the first stage of the J-PARC, the linac will accelerate the H- ion beam current of 30 mA with a duty factor of 1.25 %. The J-PARC H- ion source driven with a LaB6 filament has regularly delivered more than 35 mA beam with a duty factor of 0.9 % without resorting to cesium. Although the operated duty factor is about 1/3 of the requirement, the filament is not replaced for a half year. At the J-PARC, the lifetime of the tungsten (W) filament was measured by using another H- ion source, which can produce a 72 mA with cesium seeded. The experimental results showed that there is a possibility of the W filament satisfying the lifetime of more than 500 hours, which is J-PARC requirement. We consider the W driven plasma ion source is one of the candidates for the J-PARC source. At present, we are performing the beam test of the cesium free ion source driven with W. We will present the experimental data of the beam test in this conference.

Status and future plan of research and development on partitioning and transmutation technology for long-lived nuclides in JAERI

Oigawa, Hiroyuki; Nishihara, Kenji; Minato, Kazuo; Kimura, Takaumi; Arai, Yasuo; Morita, Yasuji; Nakayama, Shinichi; Katakura, Junichi

JAERI-Review 2005-043, 193 Pages, 2005/09

JAERI-Review-2005-043.pdf:16.13MB

JAERI has been conducting research and development on partitioning and transmutation (P&T) technology for long-lived nuclides to develop the double-strata fuel cycle concept, in accordance with the Atomic Energy Commission's "Research and Development of Technologies for Partitioning and Transmutation of Long-lived Nuclides - Status and Evaluation Report" issued in 2000. The double-strata fuel cycle concept consists of four major processes: partitioning, fuel fabrication, transmutation, and fuel processing. The five-year achievement and future perspectives for the technology on these processes are presented in this report. It also provides an analytical study on impacts of introducing P&T technology on waste management, and on deployment of P&T for the future nuclear energy system.